When to use -ing form as a verb in sentence beginnings

When it comes to writing in English, deciding whether to use the -ing form or the -ed form of a verb can be a challenge. In this article, we'll explore the instances when the -ing form is preferred at the beginning of a sentence, and when the -ed form should be used instead.

Using -ing form at the beginning of a sentence

1. Action in progress

When we want to describe an action that is currently happening, we often use the -ing form at the beginning of a sentence. For example, "Running down the street, he could barely catch his breath." This sentence implies that the subject is still running as the sentence is being read, creating a sense of urgency and immediacy.

2. Simultaneous actions

When we want to describe two or more actions happening at the same time, we can use the -ing form to introduce the second or subsequent action. For example, "Hiking up the mountain, the group stopped for a rest and enjoyed the breathtaking view." This sentence describes two actions that are happening simultaneously, hiking and stopping to rest.

Using -ed form at the beginning of a sentence

1. Completed action

When we want to describe a completed action, we usually use the -ed form at the beginning of a sentence. For example, "Finished with his homework, he went to bed." This sentence implies that the subject has completed his homework and is now ready for bed.

2. Passive voice

When we want to use passive voice to describe an action being done to the subject, we often use the -ed form at the beginning of the sentence. For example, "Confused by the instructions, the project was completed incorrectly." In this sentence, the subject (the project) is being acted upon (completed incorrectly) rather than acting itself.

Conclusion

In summary, there are specific instances when the -ing form or the -ed form is preferred at the beginning of a sentence. The -ing form is used to describe an action in progress or simultaneous actions, while the -ed form is used to describe a completed action or to create passive voice. Understanding these rules will help you write more effective and comprehensive sentences in English.