Non-finite verbs and their classification

Non-finite verbs are verbs that do not show tense, mood, or voice. They function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, and are classified into three categories: participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

Participles

Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives. They end in –ing (present participle) or –ed (past participle). Present participles describe ongoing actions or situations, while past participles describe completed actions or states. These verb forms can be used to modify nouns or pronouns.

Example:

The burning building was evacuated. (present participle)

The broken vase was glued together. (past participle)

Gerunds

Gerunds are verb forms that function as nouns. They end in –ing and can be used as subjects, objects of verbs, objects of prepositions, or complements.

Example:

Skiing is my favorite winter sport. (subject)

He enjoys reading books. (object of verb)

She is interested in writing a novel. (object of preposition)

His hobby is collecting stamps. (complement)

Infinitives

Infinitives are verb forms that are preceded by the word ‘to’. They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Infinitives can be used as subjects, objects of verbs, objects of prepositions, or complements.

Example:

To dance is fun. (subject)

He wants to learn French. (object of verb)

She is excited to travel to Europe. (object of preposition)

His plan is to start a new business. (complement)

Non-finite verbs are an important aspect of English grammar and understanding their functions and classifications can greatly improve one’s writing and communication skills.