會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)第1頁/共24頁 句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主語、 謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。 主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。 英語的句子成分： 第2頁/共24頁一．主語 The Subject 主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象，表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。 ★主語一般在句首。Walls have ears. 名詞He will take you to the hospital. 代詞Three plus four equals seven. 數(shù)詞Smoking is not allowed in public places. 動(dòng)名詞To teach them English is my job. 不定式→It is my job to teach them English.★不定式作主語時(shí)，常用形式主語it句型Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.句子第3頁/共24頁 二.謂語 The Predicate說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語由動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成. 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞。 ★謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。 謂語一般在主語后面。 E.g.We study hard.He looked after his little sister.He can speak English.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 三.表語 The Predicative第4頁/共24頁說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)，和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。一般在系動(dòng)詞后面，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，狀態(tài)等.E.g. My father is a professor. 名詞Everybody is here. 代詞Three times five is fifteen.數(shù)詞My new computer is expensive.形容詞His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 　句子 四. 賓語 The Object第5頁/共24頁表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者. 由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語“做什么”。一般在謂語之后。E.g. He likes Chinese. 　名詞We haven‘t seen her for a long time. 代詞　　Do you mind opening the window? 動(dòng)名詞Tom likes to sleep in the park. 動(dòng)詞不定式Give me four please. 代詞和數(shù)詞 五.定語 The Attribute 第6頁/共24頁用來修飾名詞或代詞, 譯為‘‘……的’’由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。定語的位置：定語通常位于被修飾的成分前;不定代詞（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分詞短語/從句作定語時(shí)要放在被修飾的成分后；副詞用作定語時(shí)須放在名詞之后。第7頁/共24頁They are women workers. 名詞Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容詞He has three cats. 數(shù)詞China is a developing country. 現(xiàn)在分詞The girl behind the tree is my sister. 介詞短語I have nothing to eat. 不定式The boy you will know is Tom. 從句Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night. 所有格I met a friend on my way home. 副詞 六.狀語 The Adverbial第8頁/共24頁用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、頻率、目的等.可用作狀語的有副詞, 不定式，分詞，介詞短語，從句等。 E.g. The boy needs a pen very much. 程度狀語He always comes late to school. 頻率狀語They are playing on the playgroun